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Aufrufe
vor 2 Jahren

FELD 01/2017

  • Text
  • Modelling
  • Nature
  • Environment
  • Neolithic
  • India
  • Agriculture
  • Data
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate
  • Scientists
  • Researchers
  • Zalf
  • Fields
  • Conservation
  • Species
  • Farmers
  • Landscape
Researchers in Brandenburg are using Big Data in attempts to decipher correlations in nature. A correct interpretation of the large volumes of apparently complex data has so far proven very difficult. An excursion into theoretical physics eventually led to an interesting discovery: patterns in the sea of data. // The »Agriculture for Biodiversity« project brings species protection onto fields and into the supermarket. Participating as a partner of science: one of the largest food retailers in Germany. // Small farmers in Odisha in India have long suffered from extreme droughts. PhD student Anu Susan Sam makes use of science as development aid, to better enable farmers to help themselves. // Were there already farmers in the neolithic period? How was food grown 5,000 years ago? Researchers have embarked on a journey through time with their computer simulations and made amazing discoveries.

species protection

species protection species protection A CATALOG OF NATURE CONSERVATION services Over the last few years, a team from ZALF, headed by the biologist Frank Gottwald and Dr. Karin Stein-Bachinger, has been examining the impact that certain nature conservation measures have on wild animals and plants as well as on agriculture. »Ornithologists again and again sat in camouflage tents to observe farmland birds«, says Frank Gottwald. »They like to nest in legume-grass which is grown on organic farms for feedstuffs and soil improvement«, seemingly good conditions for farmland birds. But the legume-grass is mown before the young birds can fly – only a few survive this. Night-flowering Catchfly and Field Nigella are only rarely found in the fields today. They do not bloom until the summer when the cereal crops are already ripe. The problem: the fields are cultivated immediately after harvesting. This means that the herbs are ploughed under before they can fructify. The experts have evaluated their observations and developed proposals as to how these conflicts could be resolved. »If the legume-grass is mown later or part of an area is left unmown, the nests of the farmland birds are not destroyed. This also helps leverets, amphibians, butterflies and saltatoria, which find food and cover in the higher vegetation.« The experts have compiled more than 100 nature conservation ideas for fields, meadows and pastures, the maintenance of the landscape and the protection of individual species. Specially trained nature conservation consultants help farmers to filter out those, which are useful for their location and farming procedures. hectare for delaying tillage after the harvest, eight weeks of not using legume-grass during the breeding season brings three points per hectare, and if sub-areas are even left unmown over the winter, that is worth ten points.« A farm must have a minimum number of credit points per hectare to receive the nature conservation certificate. The system therefore enables both very small, but also very large farms to be evaluated. More than 50 organic farms in north-east Germany have already been certified. This nature conservation evaluation of farms is currently unique in Germany. Nature conservation is not practised classically for a single species or single site. »With the farmers we have for the first time been able to implement nature conservation with agriculture on a large scale and comprehensively on a total area of around 40,000 hectares«, says Dr. Karin Stein-Bachinger. A specialist jury distinguished the project as ground-breaking in the UN Decade on »Biodiversity« in 2016. Now it‘s up to the customer. Through purchasing the products, anyone can make a contribution to the enhancement of biodiversity. A tracking code takes the customer to the website of the project at www.landwirtschaft-artenvielfalt.de, where they can inform themselves and find out what services the farms are providing for nature conservation. Thus far the nature conservation products have only been available for purchase in the EDEKA supermarkets in Northern Germany. »It is our aim to get more organic farms involved from other regions in Germany«, says Dr. Karin Stein-Bachinger. The pilot project has set a precedent: from 2017 studies will be carried out in ten pilot farms in southern Germany. SPECIES PROTECTION CONCERNS US ALL »Nature conservation normally means an additional burden for farmers«, explains Dr. Karin Stein-Bachinger. »He not only has to invest more time, he also has to put up with losses in yields. To compensate for this, support from food retailers and consumers is also required. »The retailing company EDEKA therefore pays farmers a premium for certain products, as a kind of nature conservation bonus. There are no additional costs for consumers. The products are marked with a specially designed »Agriculture for Biodiversity« logo. To achieve certification, farms must collect nature conservation points. For this, the researchers at ZALF, together with a team of 40 experts from the fields of nature conservation, agriculture, science and administration, evaluate every nature conservation measure with credit points. »The number of credit points varies according to how effective the measure is for the protection of wild animals and plants and their habitats. Thus there is up to one point per www.zalf.de/feld/en 16 17

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